Some basics to start with docker machine.

docker-machine ls #list all remote daemons
docker-machine active #show active daemon
#change to different VM
docker-machine env default
#connect your shell to the new machine
eval $("docker-machine.exe" env default)

#run the first container
docker run ubuntu echo hello world
docker run -d -p 8000:80 httpd:2.4
curl $(docker-machine ip default):8000
docker ps #get container id
docker stop #stop container
docker stop $(docker ps -a) #stop all container
docker-machine create -d virtualbox --virtualbox-cpu-count 2 --virtualbox-memory 6144 --virtualbox-disk-size 15000 devdays #create a docker daemon in virtualbox

This is a smal how-to to setup a kmaster and a knode.

With ubuntu 16.04

• just update the OS

sudo su
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

• set hostname

sudo vi /etc/hostname

kmaster

• disable swap

sudo swapoff -a

• and permanently by editing fstab, only comment the line containing swap

/dev/mapper/surrogate--vg-root /                  ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
UUID=61f86b59-899d-4be7-b60f-233ee9158663 /boot   ext2    defaults          0       2
#/dev/mapper/surrogate--vg-swap_1 none            swap    sw                0       0

• setup static ip address, first check status

ifconfig

enp0s8    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:ae:17:31
          inet addr:192.168.56.201  Bcast:192.168.56.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:feae:1731/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:111852 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:138460 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:11077514 (11.0 MB)  TX bytes:130166521 (130.1 MB)

sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet dhcp

auto enp0s8
iface enp0s8 inet static
address 192.168.56.201

• restart network

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

• update hosts

sudo vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1       localhost
127.0.1.1       kmaster
192.168.56.201 kmaster
192.168.56.202 knode

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

From here all operations should be done only on kmaster

• check cgroup driver

sudo docker info | grep cgroup

• if Cgroup Driver is cgroupfs we need to update 10-kubeadm.conf

sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf

• add Environment=“cgroup-driver=systemd/cgroup-driver=cgroupfs”

# Note: This dropin only works with kubeadm and kubelet v1.11+
[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.conf --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
Environment="cgroup-driver=systemd/cgroup-driver=cgroupfs"
# This is a file that "kubeadm init" and "kubeadm join" generates at runtime, populating the KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS variable dynamically
EnvironmentFile=-/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env
# This is a file that the user can use for overrides of the kubelet args as a last resort. Preferably, the user should use
# the .NodeRegistration.KubeletExtraArgs object in the configuration files instead. KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS should be sourced from this file.
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/kubelet
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS

vi /etc/hosts
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.56.201 --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16

• you should see the following:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:

  kubeadm join 192.168.56.201:6443 --token usymgb.c5s530zqqs89napy --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dadb42d6961e21cba21265dc345c23e1bf33bf9dcd26c96b4dd7eb9b66522614

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

• install flannel

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/k8s-manifests/kube-flannel-rbac.yml

• check if everything is running

kubectl get pods -o wide --all-namespaces

• should look like

NAMESPACE     NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP               NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
kube-system   coredns-86c58d9df4-hpl5s               1/1     Running   0          2d2h   192.168.0.3      kmaster   <none>           <none>
kube-system   coredns-86c58d9df4-jbvxv               1/1     Running   0          2d2h   192.168.0.2      kmaster   <none>           <none>
kube-system   etcd-kmaster                           1/1     Running   1          2d2h   192.168.56.201   kmaster   <none>           <none>
kube-system   kube-apiserver-kmaster                 1/1     Running   1          2d2h   192.168.56.201   kmaster   <none>           <none>
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-kmaster        1/1     Running   1          2d2h   192.168.56.201   kmaster   <none>           <none>
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-amd64-q5lgj            1/1     Running   0          44h    192.168.56.202   knode     <none>           <none>
kube-system   kube-flannel-ds-amd64-zjxh8            1/1     Running   0          46h    192.168.56.201   kmaster   <none>           <none>
kube-system   kube-proxy-dj8h7                       1/1     Running   1          2d2h   192.168.56.201   kmaster   <none>           <none>
kube-system   kube-proxy-qwh2x                       1/1     Running   0          44h    192.168.56.202   knode     <none>           <none>
kube-system   kube-scheduler-kmaster                 1/1     Running   1          2d2h   192.168.56.201   kmaster   <none>           <none>
kube-system   kubernetes-dashboard-57df4db6b-2r4th   1/1     Running   0          45h    192.168.0.4      kmaster   <none>           <none>

* install the kubernetes dashboard

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
# get token to login to dashboard
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard -n default
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin -n default --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=default:dashboard
kubectl get secret $(kubectl get serviceaccount dashboard -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o jsonpath="{.data.token}" | base64 --decode

• start dashboard

kubectl proxy

• now you can reach the dashbard at

http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy

• to reach it from the host os you can tunnel the port 8001 from kmaster to your host

So now the kmaster is running. For the knode you have to repeate all operations above until the bold message which says: From here all operations should be done only on kmaster. Just set a diffrent host knode and a new static IP 192.168.56.202

After all operations were executed successfully do the connection. To join type in the above join statement. This is exactly what you got as message after starting kubernetes on master: Refere to the output above, it is the same!

sudo kubeadm join 192.168.56.201:6443 --token usymgb.c5s530zqqs89napy --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:dadb42d6961e21cba21265dc345c23e1bf33bf9dcd26c96b4dd7eb9b66522614

Sources:

https://kubernetes.io/